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Answer: [C] Kushana Explanation: Kushanas Empire: Kanishka (100 – 126 AD), a prominent ruler of the Kushan Dynasty who achieved remarkable milestones in the state of Jammu & Kashmir. His descendants called him as Devaputra which means son of gods.
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Answer: [D] Vaisali Explanation: Also known as Mahasamghika, Mahasanghika, or Mahasanghika.
»Great monastic community.
»One of first schools of Nikaya Buddhism
»Result of (the first schism at) the Second Council at Vaishali where they were outvoted and seceded.
»The teachings of this school concerning the nature of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.
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Answer:[C] Kalamas ↔Allakappa Explanation: All are related to Gautam Bhudha and Kautilya also mention many self governing clans in which these exist.
♦Sakiyas of Kapilavastu : A republican clan with the capital at Kapilavattu, was a vassal of King Prasenjit of Kosala It was a great center of Buddhism.
♦Koliyas, a republican clan had 2 chief settlements in Ramagama and Devadaha. Buddha was related to the Koliyans through his mother and wife. After the demise of the Buddha, the Koliyans obtained a share of his relics and erected a stupa over it.
♦Mallas had 2 confederacies; one at Kusinara and the other at Pava Kusinara was famous as it was the site of Buddha’s Mahaparinirvana. Malla Roja initially opposed Buddhism, later accepted him after he heard the Buddha’s discourses.
♦Bulis of Allakappa, Moriyas of Pipphalivana and Kalamas of Kesaputta. They were followers of the Buddha.
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Answer:[C] Kautilya Explanation: Chanakya : He is also known by Vishnugupta, Kautilya,was born around 350 BC and is known for his being the chief architect of Mauryan Empire and writing the pioneering work in the Economics and Political Science that is Arthashstra. He is known as Indian Machiavelli in the western world.
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Answer:[C] Varanasi Explanation: Tirthankar Parshvanath was the son of king Ashvasena and queen Vama of Varanasi. He achieved Nirvana on the Sammet Sikhar. He lived in Varanasi around 800 BC. Parsvanatha is the 23rd Jain Tirthankar.
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Answer:[C] Brihadaranyaka Explanation: Brihadaranyaka Upanishad was first work to give the doctrine of transmigration and deeds. It means “the great forest of knowledge.” .It consists of three sections or kandas: the Madhu kanda, the Yajnavalkya or the Muni kanda and the Khila kanda. Popular shloka:
असतो मा सद्गमय
तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय
मृत्योर् मा अमृतं गमय
ॐ शांति शांति शांति – बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् 1.3.28.
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Answer:[D] 1 and 2 Explanation: i. At ‘Vaishali’, Alara Kalama (Sankhya philosopher) taught the techniques of meditation and the teaching of Upanishads to Gautam Buddha.
ii. At ‘Rajgriha’, Udraka Ramputra taught him to achieve the highest level of meditation.
iii. At last ,at the age of 35,Gautam Bhudha attained nirvana at ‘Bodh gaya ‘in Bihar.
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Answer:[C] Shakala Explanation: Rigveda is the oldest Veda .In it,only two shakas of the Rig-Veda, Shakala sakha and Baskala shaka, remain alive out of the 21 which existed at one time.
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Answer:[B] Vasishtha Explanation: The battle of ten kings was fought between Sudas, a Bharata king of the Tritsu family and the confederacy of ten well-known tribes- Puru, Yadu, Turvasa, Anu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha ,Bhalanas,Shiva and Vishanin. In the bloody and decisive battle on the banks of River Purushni, the Bharatas emerged victorious. The reason behind the war is the rivalry between Vishwamitra and Vasishtha.
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Answer:[C] Bal Gangadhar Tilak Explanation: The Arctic Home in the Vedas is a book on the origin of Aryans by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak The book was written at the end of 1898, but was first published in March 1903 in Pune .It propounded the theory that the North Pole was the original home of Aryans during pre-glacial period which they had to leave due to the ice deluge around 8000 B.C. and had to migrate to the Northern parts of Europe and Asia in search of lands for new settlements. In support to his theory , Tilak has presented certain Vedic hymns, East Iranian passages, Vedic chronology and Vedic calendars with interpretations of the contents in detail.
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