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Answer: [B]The Bargirs Explanation:
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Answer: [C]Allauddin Khilji Explanation:
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Answer: [A]Yusuf Adil Shah Explanation:
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Showing posts with label history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history. Show all posts
Sunday 14 December 2014
Medieval Indian History Question Bank
Medieval Indian History Question Bank
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Answer:[A]Akbar Explanation: The Mahabharata was translated into Persian at Akbar’s orders, by Faizi and `Abd al-Qadir Bada’uni (1761–1763) and named Razmnameh.
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Answer:[B]Akbar Explanation: Akbar declared or issued Mahzarnama to take all the religious matters into his own hands. This made him supreme in the religious matters. He issued Mahzarnama to curb the dominance of Ulema. It was written by Faizi in 1579.
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Answer: [A]Bishandas Explanation: Bishandas was a 17th-century portrait painter at the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Jahangir praised him as “unrivalled in the art of portraiture”. Though little is known of Bishandas’ life, his name can indicate that he was a Hindu. In 1613 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Persia, to paint the Shah’s portrait. Here he was so successful that he remained until 1620, when he returned with the gift of an elephant.
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Answer:[A]Akbar Explanation:
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Answer:[A]Hampi Explanation:
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Answer: [B]Sir Thomas Roe Explanation:
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Answer: [D]Iitutmish Explanation:
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Answer: [D]Ali Gauhar Explanation:
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Answer:[B]Todar Mal Explanation:
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Answer: [D]Raushan Akhtar Explanation:
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Answer:[D]Malik Kafur Explanation: Malik Kafur (died 1316), was a slave who became a head general in the army of Alauddin Khilji, ruler of the Delhi sultanate from 1296 to 1316 AD. He was originally seized by Alauddin’s army after the army conquered the city of Khambhat. He was castrated and made a eunuch. Malik Kafur was also called “Thousand Dinar Kafur”or Hazar Dinari, the amount paid by sultan for his possession.
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Answer: [B]Morocco Explanation: Ibn Ba?u?ah was a Muslim Moroccan explorer. He is known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla.Battuta is considered one of the greatest travelers of all time. He came to India during the regime of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
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Answer:[B]Kalhana Explanation: Kalhana penned the book named Rajatarangini in 12th century CE. It is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit. Rajatarangini describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir.
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Answer:[B]Muhammad Ghori Explanation: Muhammad Ghori is known to have adopted the seated goddess Lakshmi type of the coins of Gahadavalas for circulation in the Gahadavala territories. He got stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his coins and had his name inscribed in Nagari Characters.
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Answer: [A]Bhimdev Solanki II Explanation: Muhammad of Ghor, Muhammad of Ghori was one of the rulers of the Ghurid dynasty from the famous house of Sur who were rulers of Ghor for five hundred years. He is credited with laying the foundation of Muslim domination in India that lasted for several centuries. He reigned over a territory spanning present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India.Bhimdev Solanki II, then ruler of Gujarat, defeated him at the village of Kayadara (near to Mount Abu, about forty miles to the north-east of Anhilwara).
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Answer: [C]Aurangzeb Explanation: Aurangzeb was called “Zinda Pir”or “Living Saint ” in Mughal India.
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Answer:[C]Pathan Sultan Sher Shah Suri Explanation: Pathan Sultan Sher Shah Suri (1540 – 1545) measured and classified the land in terms of the produce and introduced Kabuliyat and Patta as instruments of settlement. During Akbar’s time, Todarmal made some reforms to that system and the whole empire was divided into Suba, Sarkar, Pargana and Mahal.
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Answer:[C]John Mildenhall Explanation: John Mildenhall was as an ambassador of Queen Elizabeth, visited Akbar’s court twice amid 1599-1606 A.D. and tried to a Firman for trade in Gujarat. John Mildenhall was a British explorer and adventurer and one of the first to make an overland journey to India. He was the self-styled ambassador of the British East India Company in India. His is the first recorded burial of an Englishman in India.
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Answer: [D]Ashta Pradhan Explanation: Ashta Pradhan was a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha empire. The council was formed in 1674 by founding Emperor Chhatrapati Shivaji.The term Ashta Pradhan literally translates to “the Prime Eight”, from the Sanskrit ashta (“eight”) and pradhan (“prime”). The body discharged the functions of a modern council of ministers; this is regarded as one of the first successful instances of ministerial delegation in India. The council is credited with having implemented good governance practices in the Maratha heartland, as well as for the success of the military campaigns against the Mughal Empire.
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Answer: [A]Qazi-ul-Quzat Explanation: Besides Mughal rulers, Qazi-ul-Quzat was the supreme authority in justice. Since it was difficult for the emperor to do-away with justice in all the cases, he appointed Qazi-ul-Quzat to do the justice in accordance with Muslim Law. The Chief Judge of the sultanate was known as the Qazi –I- Mamalik also known as the Qazi- ul- Quzat.
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Answer:[D] Jai Singh Siddharaj Explanation: Jaya Singh Siddharaja , Chalukya King of Gujarat: He was the son of Kama and ascended the throne in 1094 A.D He gave shelter to many scholars of different religion and castes. He was a Rajput ruler who gave donation of one lac Baltoras (coins) for rebuilding a mosque in Cambay
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Answer: [C] Kakatiya Dynasty Explanation: Conquest of Alauddin Khilji (1296 to 1316):
• North Indian expeditions :Gujarat,Ranathambor ,Chittor, Malwa,Marwar
• Expeditions in southern India – Devagiri (Deogir) and Baglana, Warangal, Dwar Samudra (Halebeedu), Mabar and Madurai.
Some examples of his conquests are
a) Gujarat (1297)- Karnadev Vaghela II of the Vaghela dynasty was the king
b) Ranthambor(1299-1301)-Rana Hamir Dev of the Chauhan dynasty was the king.
c) Chittor (1303) – Rana Ratan Singh was the ruler.
d) Warangal (1309) – Ruler Pratap Rudra Deva. Belong to Kakatiya Dynasty.
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Answer: [C] Yusuf Adil Shah↔Ahmednagar Explanation: .Yusuf Adil Shah was the founder of the Adil Shahi dynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur.
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Answer:[C] Kailashanatha Explanation: Temple Architecture of Cholas :
a) Brihadishwara Temple of Tanjore was built by Rajaraja Chola-I.
b) Koranganatha Temple,Srinivasanallur was built by Parantaka Chola-I.
c) Airavateshwar Temple, Darasuram was built by Rajaraja Chola II Chola-I.
»Kailashanatha Temple , Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu) was built by Pallava King ,Narsimhamvarman.
»Kailasanathar Temple of Ellora was built by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I.
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Answer:[A] Antichak Explanation: Antichak – Excavated site Vikramshila Vikramashila was founded by Pala King Dharmapala in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda. [It was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji ]
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Answer:[D] Pratiharas, Chauhans, Chalukyas, Parmaras Explanation: Agni-kunda story was first given in Nava-sahasanka-charita of Padmagupta. There are several versions of this theory and one of them was of Chandbardai in his book ‘Prithviraj Raso’. According to this theory the forefathers of Rajputs were born from the holy fire burnt on the Abu Mountains.The four clans founded by four Heroes were Pratiharas, Chauhans, Chalukyas, Parmaras
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Answer:[B] Rajendra Chola I Explanation: Gangaikondacholapuram was constructed by Rajendra Chola I to commemorate his conquest over the chalukyas and other feudatories Kalonga, Gangas, Palas etc .These victories led him to assume the title Gangaikonda.
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Answer:[D] Bhoja Paramara Explanation: Raja Bhoja Of Dhar was a philosopher king and polymath of medieval India. He was from the Paramara dynasty of Arya, who ruled the kingdom of Malwa in Centra India from about 1010 to 1060. On his demise, a poet lamented “Adya Dhara niradhara, niralamba Saraswati Panditah khanditah sarve Bhojraje divam gate”. This means that Saraswati is now helpless, ll learned people have scattered, because the support of Dhara (Kingdom) Raja Bhoj has gone”.
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Answer:[C] The Pratiharas and the Palas Explanation: North Indian Dynasties : Towards the close of the 8th century AD, there were three great powers in India – the Palas in the east, the Gurjar-Pratiharas in the north and the Rashtrakutas in the deccan. The tripartite struggle for the supremacy among the Palas, Partiharas and the Rashtrakutas was the desire to possess the city of Kannauj ,which was then a symbol of sovereignty.
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Answer:[B] Senas Explanation: Senas Dynasty : The dynasty’s founder was Hemanta Sen. It was a Hindu dynasty that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries.
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Answer: [A] Shihabuddin Umar Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate – The Khilji Dynasty:
»Malik Kafur defeated the yadava king ramachandra of devagiri in 1307.He gave his daughter Jhatyapali in marriage to Alauddin khilji.
»In 1316, after the death of Alauddin, Malik Kafur presented a will of Sultan and enthroned the 5 years old Prince Shihabuddin Umar as Sultan and became the defacto ruler of the empire.
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Answer:[C] Only 1, 2 & 3 Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate – The Slave Dynasty: Ghiyas-ud-din Balban(1265-1287), a Turkish slave noble, was the “ruler with an iron hand” who is considered the last ruler of the Slave Dynasty. Balban adopted a policy of consolidation rather than expansion. He was the 1st sultan who strive to make monarchy hereditary. Balban provided the Sultanate with an iron-willed ruler who aimed at consolidating the hinterlands. The fourth option is not correct in this question.
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Answer:[B] Mir-i-Bahar Explanation: Administration under Akbar: The Mir-i-Bahar was incharge of customs and boats and ferry taxes, and port duties in coastal towns.
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Answer:[C] The Governor of Bengal Explanation: Qazi Fazilat (in office: 1541–1545) was the governor of Bengal. He was appointed by Sher Shah Suri during his reign in Delhi.
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Answer: [B] Iltutmish Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate – The Slave Dynasty: Iltutmish (1210-1236 AD) was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi of Turkic origin. He constituted a corp of 40 loyal slaves Amirs Known as Turkan-i-Chihalgani. A select body of Turkish nobility originally slaves of Iltumish which came into existence during the period of Iltumish to be destroyed by Balban later .
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Answer: [C] Diwan-i-Kohi Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate – The Tughlaq Dynasty: Muhammad Bin Tughlaq created a department of agriculture known as Diwan-i-Kohi . The main object of the department was to increase the land under cultivation.
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Answer:[C] Sultan Zainul Abidin Explanation: Rajatarangini (“The River of Kings”) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. Jonaraja in his Dvitīyā Rājataraṅginī, continued the narration of Kalhana upto Sultan Zainul Abidin (1423-1474), who was a sultan of Kashmir.
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Answer:[A] Birbal Explanation: The theory of Din-i-Ilahi was introduced by Mughal Emperor Akbar. It is based on Monotheism(believe in one God).(Chief priest : Abul Fazal).The first initiated disciples of Din-i-ilahi during emperor Akbar the Great’s time included Birbal, Prince Salim and Abu’l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
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Answer: [D] Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq Explanation: Vijayanagar was a South Indian Hindu empire, founded in 1336 by Harihara and Bukka during the region of Sultan of Delhi Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq.
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Answer:[D] Alai Darwaja Explanation: Qutub-ud-din Aibak laid the foundation of ‘Qutub Minar’ which was completed by Iltumish and constructed two Mosques :
a) Kubbat-ul-Islam mosque (1195- 1199 A.D.) Near Rampithor Fort, Delhi.
b) Adhai din Ka Jhopada (1208 A.D.) Ajmer.
The Alai Darwaza of Delhi is located in the Qutub Complex of Delhi ,was built by
Ala-Ud-Din Khilji.
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Answer:[B] Vijayanagar Empire Explanation: Sayana : was an important commentator on the Vedas. His commentary on the Rigveda was edited by Max Müller, 1849-1875.He flourished under the king Bukka I and his successor Harihara II in the Vijayanagar Empire of South India.
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Answer:[A] Ambassadors Explanation: There was a definite pattern of diplomatic relations between the mughals and the empires of Central and West Asia such as Uzbek, Safavid and Ottoman. The most common mode of diplomacy was the exchange of diplomatic mission. The status of the mission depended largely on the status of the ambassadors, called elchi or safir, specially his proximity to the ruler.
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Answer:[C] One carried by man Explanation: There were several types of Mughal light artillery. If carried on the back of a man, they were called narnal; if carried on backs of elephants gajal, if on backs of camels shutrnal.
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Answer:[C] Holkar Explanation: The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Marquess (or Lord) Wellesley, British Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805 . Under this doctrine, Indian rulers under British protection surrendered control of their foreign affairs to the British. Hyderabad first signed it. The five Maratha chiefs entered into subsidiary alliance as follows:
Peshava →1802
Scindia →1804
Gaekwa→1805
Bhonsle →1806
Holkar→1818
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Answer:[A] Abdullah Bhatari Explanation: Afzal Khan was a medieval Indian commander who served the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, and fought against Shivaji. He was killed at a meeting with Shivaji and his army was defeated in the Battle of Pratapgad 1656.
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Answer:[B] Muhammad Shah Explanation: Muhammad Shah Rangile also known as Roshan Akhtar, was the Mughal emperor between 1719 and 1748. During his time, Nadir Shah attacked and looted Delhi and took the Peacock Throne with himself.
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Answer:[D] Afghans Explanation: The third battle of Panipat 1761: The Marathas were led by Sadashivrao Bhau. It was fought between the Afghan commander Ahmed Shah Abdali and the Maratha General Sadashiv Rao Bhau , cousin of the Maratha Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao.
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Answer:[B] Hawaldar Explanation: Hawaldar was the lowest in rank in the Maratha Infantry.
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Answer:[C] Hiravijay Suri Explanation: 1526–1595 C.E: Muni Hiravijayji Suri was the supreme pontiff of Tapa Gachcha order of Jain Svetambara tradition. He is famous for propounding the Jain philosophy to Emperor Akbar and turning him towards vegetarianism. Akbar was so impressed with Hiravijaya Suri that he bestowed on him the title of Jagatguru . Akbar almost denounced meat eating and almost turned to vegetarianism due to inspiration from him
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Answer:[D] The place where Sufi Mystics lived Explanation: Khanqah , zawiyahs, or tekke is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood, or tariqa, and is a place for spiritual retreat and character reformation.
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Answer:[D] Bhima II Explanation: He was defeated by Bhima II, the Solanki ruler of Gujarat in 1178.
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Answer:[B] John Mildenhall Explanation: John Mildenhall was a British explorer and adventurer and one of the first to make an overland journey to India. He was the self-styled ambassador of the British East India Company in India. His is the first recorded burial of an Englishman in India. He bluffed in Akbar’s court that he was Her Britannic Majesty’s ambassador. Though he was admitted in the Durbar of Akbar, so that he became the first Englishman privileged to be received by the Great Mughal; yet he could never win the confidence of the Mughal Emperor. Portuguese Jesuits played to keep him or English away from the Mughals.
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Answer:[A] To increase the source of income Explanation: Shivaji collected the chauth and sardeshmukhi from the territory which was either under his enemies or under his own influence. The chauth was one fourth part of the income of a particular territory while the sardeshmukhi was one tenth. Shivaji collected these taxes simply by force of his arms. These constituted of the primary sources of income of Shivaji and helped in the extension of the power and territory of the Marathas.
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Answer: [D] Vakeel Explanation: Ashta Pradhan
Pantpradhan or Peshwa – Prime Minister, general administration of the Empire.
Amatya – Finance Minister, managing accounts of the Empire.
Sacheev – Secretary, preparing royal edicts.
Mantri – Interior Minister, managing internal affairs especially intelligence and espionage.
Senapati – Commander-in-Chief, managing the forces and defense of the Empire.
Sumant – Foreign Minister, to manage relationships with other sovereigns.
Nyayadhish – Chief Justice, dispensing justice on civil and criminal matters.
Panditrao – High Priest, managing internal religious matters.
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Answer:[B] Rajasthan Explanation: Rajasthan: the main region of copper mines in Mughal period.
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Answer:[C] Supreme Authority in Justice Explanation: Qazi-ul-Quzat was the supreme authority in justice. Since it was difficult for the emperor to do-away with justice in all the cases, he appointed Qazi-ul-Quzat to do the justice in accordance with Muslim Law. The Chief Judge of the sultanate was known as the Qazi –I- Mamalik also known as the Qazi- ul- Quzat.
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Answer:[D] 1579 A.D. Explanation: Akbar issued Mahzarnama (or Infallibility Decree) to take all the religious matters into his own hands. This made him supreme in the religious matters. He issued Mahzarnama to curb the dominance of Ulema. It was written by Faizi in 1579 A.D.
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Answer:[B] Bishan Das Explanation: Bishandas was a 17th-century portrait painter at the court of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. Jahangir praised him as “unrivalled in the art of portraiture”. Though little is known of Bishandas’ life, his name can indicate that he was a Hindu. In 1613 he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Persia, to paint the Shah’s portrait. Here he was so successful that he remained until 1620, when he returned with the gift of an elephant.
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Answer:[C] Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khalji Explanation: The Delhi Sultanate – The Khilji Dynasty: Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah Khilji was the third and last ruler of the Khilji dynasty . He was the only ruler who assumed the title of Caliph himself
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Answer:[D] 3, 1, 4, 2 Explanation: »Baba Farid Ganjshakar (1175-1265) .
»Sheikh Nizamuddin Aulia also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin (1238 – 3 April 1325).
»Sheikh Nasiruddin Chirage (1274-1356).
»Syed Muhammad Gesudaraz (july 13, 1321 -November 1, 1422).
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Answer:[B] Only 1, 3 & 4 Explanation: Tahqiq-i-Hind is a composition of Al-Biruni .
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Answer:[A] Fautuhat-i-Ferozshahi Explanation: Fautuhat-i-Ferozshahi was authored by Sultan Feroz Shah Tughlaq himself. He was a Turkic Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1351 to 1388 A.D.
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Answer:[C] Ibn-i-Batuta Explanation: Ibn batutta was an Arab traveler and adventure frm Morocoo. His book is a primary source of history of the region of Muhmmad bin Tughluq it throws ligh on the socio-political condition of his times.
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Answer:[D] Firoz Tughlaq Explanation: Firoz Shah Tughlaq was the cousin brother of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, and became the ruler of Delhi on 23rd march 1351 A.D. He imposed only four taxes sanctioned by Islamic viz., kharaj (land tax), khams (1/5 of the looted property during wars), Jizya (religious tax on the Hindus), and Zakat (2½per cent of the income of the Muslims which was spent for the welfare of Muslim subjects and their religion). He imposed irrigation tax after getting it sanctioned from the Ulema.
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Answer:[D] Sikandar Lodi Explanation: The Delhi Sulatanate – Lodi Dynasty : Sikandar Lodi was the Sultan of Delhi between 1489 to 1517 AD. He was a laborious, generous and just ruler. Owing to a transient shortage of maize, he abolished the zakat on grain and it was not renewed by any subsequent Sultan. The prices of all necessary articles remained low during his period.
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Answer:[A] Malik Kafur Explanation: The Delhi Sulatanate – Khilji Dynasty : Malik Kafur was the commander of Alauddin Khilji’s forces during his Deccan Campaigns.
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Answer:[B] Morocco Explanation: Ibn Batuta was a Moroccan and Berber explorer. He is known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla.
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Answer:[C] Lakshmidhara Explanation: THE GAHADVALA DYANSTY – descendants of Suryavansha of Ayodhya .
»The Gahadvala, or Gaharwar, was a Hindu and Buddhist Indian dynasty that ruled the kingdom of Kannauj for approximately a hundred years, beginning in the late eleventh century.
»The founder of the Kannauj Gahadvala dynasty was Chandradeva, who took control of Kannauj at the end of the 11th century (1090A.D.)
»During the rule of his successor, Govindachandra, from 1114–1154, the state of Gahadvala reached the pinnacle of its power,»His minister, Lakshmidhara, was the author of several legal works, including Kalpadruma.
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Answer:[A] Devala Smriti Explanation: During the invasion of Mohammed Bin Kasim in ad 712 many Hindus in Sindh were converted to Islam through questionable means. All of them were reconverted to Hinduism on the authority of Deval Smriti written by Deval Rishi. Deval smriti writes down rules for reconversion into Hindu fold of the Hindus forcibly converted into Islam if someone showed his or her desire to be reconverted to Hinduism with due atonement.
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Answer: [B] The twelfth century Explanation: The Rajatarangini ( “The River of Kings”) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.
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Answer:[D] The spy / news reporters Explanation: Barid-i-mumalik was the head of the information and intelligence department. Only a nobleman who enjoyed the fullest confidence of Sultan was appointed the chief barid. The Barid-i-Mumalik had to keep information of all that was happening in the Sultanate. At local level there were barids who used to send regular news concerning the matters of the state to the central office. Apart from barids, another set of reporters also existed who were known as Munihiyan.
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Answer:[C] Its founder and his successors were descendant of the prophet Muhammad Explanation: The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate from 1414 to 1451 A.D. Khizr Khan was the founder ruler of Sayyid dynasty and he is said to be a descendant of Prophet Muhammad.
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Answer:[B] Alauddin Khalji Explanation: Alauddin Khilji was a militarist and imperialist to the core. He was very ambitious. Alauddin, whose original name was Ali Gurshap, assumed the title Sikandar-i-Sani (Alexander the Second) and proclaimed Delhi as Dar-ul-Khilafa (Seat of the Caliphate).
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Answer: [A] Alauddin Khilji Explanation:
The Delhi Sultanate – Khilji Dynasty : Alauddin Khilji refused to read “Khutba” in the name of Khalifa for the first time.
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Answer:[B] 1, 3 & 4 Only Explanation: Shehnai is not composite or Indo-Islamic in origin.
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Answer:[D] Dhyaneshwar Explanation: The sect is believed to have originated in Karnataka and migrated to Maharashtra later. The followers of the sect believe that Dnyaneshwar laid the foundation stone, which is evident from the saying “Dnyanadev rachila paya”
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Answer: [C] Raidas Explanation: Saint Raidas, was an Indian saint of 15th century. He belonged to a family of leather workers. Traditionally, in Hinduism such families belong to Shudra group, the lowest level of traditional Hindu society.
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Answer:[B] Guru Nanak Explanation: Guru Nanak said that a man was to be honoured for his devotion to God and not for his social position. He said– “God knows man’s virtues and inquires not his caste; in the next world there is no caste.”
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Answer:[D] 1, 2 & 3 Explanation: Turned Lotus , Kalash on the domes and Ornamentation of Indian Art were adopted in the the construction of Mosques in India.
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Answer:[A] Alberuni Explanation: Alberuni , the Arab astronomer who studied Sanskrit and astronomy for a decade at Varanasi.
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Answer: [B]Buddhism Explanation: The Royal Kathima Ceremony is observed every year by Buddhist. It is observed in only one Buddhist temple outside Thailand and this year the Namphake Buddhist temple of Assam was selected. Kathina offering is an ancient Buddhist Tradition of offering special robe and other necessities to monks who maintain strict discipline of retreat during the rainy season. The main purpose of the ceremony is not merely for religious belief but also to strengthen the relationship between Thailand and other countries.
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Answer:[D] The defeat of Portuguese naval squadrons by the English Explanation: In 1613 AD , Jahangir issued a farman permitting English to establish a factory permanently at Surat. In 1612, the newly formed company had sent four ships under Captain Thomas Best to trade with India. These were mercantile ships but were capable of defending themselves. The defeated the Portuguse, who were alread there in Surat for at least 100 years. This defeat apparently so impressed the Emperor Jehangir that he granted the British squadron a firman to trade.
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Answer:[A] Kathi Explanation: In the Maratha Land revenue system, Assessment of land revenue was based on measurement. The Kathi of Malik Ambar was adopted as the unit of measurement. Malik Ambar followed the earlier Hindu customs of land measurement and adopted the ‘Kathi’ or measuring stick as the standard for demarcating the boundaries of the land. The length of this kathi was five cubits and five closed fists. (Maharashtra in the Age of Shivaji by Ra Kulakarni 1969). The Maratha government utilized various units for measuring the land but they continued the Kathi as the unit of measurement which was also in practice in Swarajya under Shivaji. The Kathi was later called Shivkathi. Note: Malik Ambar was the regent of the Nizamshahi dynasty of Ahmednagar from 1607 to 1626 and pioneer in guerilla warfare.
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Answer:[B] One-third Explanation: Akbar’s finance minister Todar Mal introduced a land revenue system whereby the aggregate of the rate of collection for 10 years from 1570 to 1580 was taken and one third of them was taken as the basis of assessment. This new system was called as Zabti System or Ain-i-Dahsala.
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Answer:[A] Ain-i-Akbari Explanation: Ain-i-Akbari by Abul Fazal is the main source for today’s historians to know about the structure of agrarian relations from the time of Akbar onwards.
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Answer: [A] Jean-Baptiste Tavernier Explanation: Jean-Baptiste Tavernier,a French jeweller and traveller of the Mughal period has left a detailed account of Takht-i-Taus (Peacock throne). Peacock throne was a dazzling and spectacular display of Mughal architecture. Its construction was undertaken by the Emperor Shah Jahan and he personally spent a great deal of time and energy in the designing of the Throne.
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Answer:[B] Khwaja Nizamuddin Ahmad Explanation: : Khwaja Nizamuddin Ahmad was a Muslim historian of late medieval India ,is the writer of ‘Tabqat-i-Akbari’. The work is a general history of India covering the time from the Ghaznavids up to 1593-94. He was Akbar’s Mir Bakhshi.
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Answer:[A] Badauni Explanation: Abd-ul-Qadir Bada’uni (1540 – 1615) was a famous Mughal historian who flourished at the court of Akbar. He disapproved of Akbar’s religious views. An orthodox Sunni, Badauni prepared a list of charges against Akbar and dubbed him enemy of Islam. He alleged that Akbar tried to destroy Islam and tried to propagate Hinduism at the cost of Islam.
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Answer:[B] Horses Explanation: Kings of Vijayanagar, imported Arabian horses on a large scale, in order to improve the breed of cavalry horses in their own districts. Thus, the single biggest item of import to the Vijayanagar empire was Horses.
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Answer:[B] Naib-i-Mulk Explanation: The post of Naib-i-Mamlakat, equivalent of the English term ‘regent’ was created by the Turkish slave rulers. It was later called called Naib- i-Mulk or Malik Naib (under Khilji). The Sultan dominated the central government as he was the legal head of the state and acted as the chief executive and the highest court of appeal. The Sultan was assisted by number of ministers. In them Naib-i-Mulk or malik naib held highest stature in the central government of the Sultanate.
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Friday 21 November 2014
Medieval History of India for UPSC Examinations
Section A: Arrival of Mohammadens
- Brief life of Hazarat Mohammad
- India After Harsha
- Punjab and Sind at the time of Harsha
- Kashmir : The Karkota Dynasty
- Kabul : The Kabul Shahi & Hindu Shahi
- Sindh: Last Hindu Ruler Raja Dahir
- Initial Invasion upon India – Ghaznavid Empire
Section B : The Rajput Kingdoms of Early Medieval India
Section C: The Pala & Sena Dynasty
Section D: The Delhi Sultanate
- Ghori Dynasty
- Mamluk Dynasty
- The Khilji Dynasty
- Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji
- Alauddin Khalji
- Tughlaq Dynasty
- Sayyid Dynasty
- Lodi Dynasty
Section F: The Mughal Empire : Babur
Section G: Mughal Empire – Humayun & Shershah Suri
- Early life of Humayun
- Humayun- Early Expeditions
- Humayun – Battle with Bahadur Shah, the King of Gujarat
- Struggle between Shershah Suri & Humayun
- Return of Humayun
- Humayun : Exile in Persia
Section H: Mughal Empire: Akbar
- Delhi under Hemu
- Initial Life of Akbar
- Akbar - Rajput Policy : Udai Singh & winning Chittor
- Akbar-Rajput Policy : Rana Pratap
- Battle of Haldi Ghati
- Other Conquests of Akbar
- Administration of Akbar
- Raja Todar Mal
- Dahasala System
- Karori / Crori System
- Mansabdari System
- Akbar: Other Administrative Reforms
- Navratnas of Akbar (9 Gems)
- Birth of Salim (Jahangir)
Section I : Mughal Empire: Jahangir
- Early Life of Jahangir
- Jahangir: Rebellion of Khusru
- 12 Decrees of Jahangir
- Queens of Jahangir
- Succession of Jahangir
Section J: The Portuguese Empire Colonies
- Why Europeans were in search of new routes?
- Arrival of Vasco da Gama
- Pedro Álvares Cabral
- Return of Vasco
- Francisco de Almeida
- Afonso de Albuquerque
- Soares de Albergaria
- Nuno da Cunha & Treaty of Bassein
- End of the Portuguese
Section K: The Mughal Empire under Shah Jahan
- Early life of Shah Jahan
- Shah Jahan : Relations with Portuguese
- Taj Mahal
- Shahjahanabad and Red Fort
- Deccan Policy of Shah Jahan
- Princes of Shah Jahan
- Shah Jahan : The War of Succession
Section L: The Mughal Empire under Aurangzeb
- Aurangzeb
- Rebellions in Aurangzeb’s reign
- Reimposition of Jazia by Aurangzeb
- Rise of Marathas in Deccan
Section M: The Maratha Hegemony
- Shivaji
- Battle of Pratapgarh
- Extraordinary Career and End of Shivaji
- Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
- Ashta Pradan
- Marathas after Shivaji
- Balaji Vishwanath
- Baji Rao I
- Balaji Baji Rao
- Rise of Afghans & Third Battle of Panipat
Section N: The Later Mughals
Tuesday 18 November 2014
Magadha Empire
Magadha
Most important Mahajanpada was Magadha. Magadha was located near today's Patna & Gaya. The first notable thing about Magadha was its geographical location which gave its rulers a locational advantage to acquire more and more power. Magadha was located between Ganga River in North, Son River in West, Vindhya ranges in south and Champa in East. The three sides protected the territory and it was not easy for any invader to invade Magadha so easily. The earliest capital of Magadha was Girivraja.
Saturday 1 November 2014
Sixteen Mahajanapadas
Mahajanapada
Contents [hide]
Panini in the 4th century BC mentions as many as 22 different Janpadas, but also mentions 3 most important viz. Magadha, Kosala and Vatsa.
Following is the Brief Description of the 16 Mahajanpadas:
Kasi
- Its Capital was Banaras
- Kasi was located on the confluence of Ganga and Gomti rivers and somewhere around today's Varanasi.
Kosala
- Its capital was Shravasti
- Kosala was located in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh. It covers today's districts Faizabad, Gonda, Bhahraich etc. and was bordered by River Gomti on the west, River Sadaniva in the east, Nepal hills in the north and River Syandika in the South.
Anga
- Its Capital was Champa
- It covered the modern districts of Munger and Bhagalpur in Bihar It was later annexed to Magadha by Bimbisar. Magadh was on its west and Raja Mahal hills on the west.
Magadha
- Its capital of Girivraja or Rajgriha
- It covered the modern districts of Patna, Gaya, Shahabad of Bihar. It was bordered by River Son non North and Ganga on South.
Vajji or Vriji
- Its capital was Vaishali
- It was located on the north of River Ganga in Bihar. The seat of 8 smaller clans / kingdoms called "Athakula" out of which Lichhavais, Janatriks, Videhas were very important. It was separated from Kosala from river Gandak.
Malla
- Its Capital was Kushinagar, Pawa
- It covered the modern districts of Deoria, Basti, Gorakhpur in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Chedi or Cheti
- It was located in the Bundelkhand division of Madhya Pradesh regions to the south of river Yamuna and along river Betwa or Vetravati. Its capital was Suktimati or Sotthivati located somewhere near Banda in Uttar Pradesh.
Vatsa
- Its capital was Kausambi
- It covered the modern districts of Allahabad and Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh.
Kuru
- Its Capital was Indraprastha / Hastinapur / Isukara
- It covered the modern Haryana & Delhi-Meerut-Ghaziabad region. Its eastern border was River Yamuna.
Panchala
- Its Capital was its capital were Ahichhtra (Western Panchal) and Kampilya (eastern Panchala).
- It covered modern day Rohilkhand division & Upper Gangetic Plains of today's Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand.
Matsya
- Its Capital was Viratnagar
- It was located in the Alwar, Bharatpur, Jaipur districts of Rajasthan.
Surasena
- Its Capital was Mathura
- It was located on the junction of Uttarpatha and Dakshinpatha around Mathura of Today.
Assaka
- Its capital was Potali, Potana or Podana
- Located on the banks of the Godavari River. Its capital was Potali, Potana or Podana, which now lies in the Nandura Tehsil, Buldana district in the Indian state of Maharashtra and it was the only Mahajanapada situated to the south of the Vindhya Range, and was in Dakshinapatha
Avanti
- Its capital was Ujjain & Mahismati
- Located on present day Malwa region. It was divided into two parts by the Vindhyas, the northern part had its capital at Ujjayini and the southern part had its centre at Mahishmati.
Gandhara
- Its capital was Taxila:
- Covered the regions between Kabul and Rawalipindi in North Western Provinces, Peshawar, the Potohar plateau and on the Kabul River.
Kamboja
- Its capital Rajpur
- It was located around Punchh area of Kashmir.
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