Time and Distance

Concepts

1) There is a relationship between speed, distance and time:

Speed = Distance / Time OR

Distance = Speed* Time

2) Average Speed = 2xy / x+y

Time and Work

This post is a part of "Shortcut Techniques" series where we decided to share shortcut techniques related quantitative techniques that can be used in IBPS exam or any other competitive exam.

Time and work is an important topic in IBPS exams, including clerks, PO and specialist officers.

Shortcut Trick

One simple technique is using days in denominator while solving questions. For example, A can do a job in 3 days and B can do the same job in 6 days. In how much time they can do the job together.

Solution - 1/3 + 1/6 = 1/2, hence 2 days is the answer.

Examiner can set the question in opposite way and can ask you how much time A or B alone will take to complete the job. It is quite easy to calculate said question by putting values in equation we arrived in above question.

Probability

Probability = Occurrence of event/Total possible events

Simple probability problem

Simplest questions asked in bank exams are asked about deck of cards, dice and coins. There is no co-occurrence of events.

Lets take an example :-

Age Problems

Age problems are one of the most common topics in IBPS, CAT, GMAT and other banks exams. Students waste lots of time in this question as it look very simple but when they start solving with triditional methods, it takes a lot of time. Today We are solving with shortcut trick. In case of any problem, please comment below.

Best way to solve Age questions is to assume fixed period with which further conditions will be compared. For example taking 2000 as fixed year.

Application of this rule

Example 1

Ranjeet's age after 15 years will be 5 times his age 5 years back. What is his present age ?

Solution - Let's assume right now it is year 2000

Age of Ranjeet in 1995 = x

Age of Ranjeet in 2015 = 5x

Present age of Ranjeet (in 2000) = x+5 or 5x-15

we will solve these two equation to find x. 

X= 5. Then Ranjeet's present age becomes = x +5 = 10

Example 2

Karan was 4 times old as his son 8 years back and he will be 2 times old as his son after 8 years. Calculate Karan and his son's age.

Assume that currently it is year 2000.

In 1992 Karan's age = 4x, Age of Karan's son = x

In 2008 Karan's age = 2y and Age of Karan's son = y

Now we get two equations 2y - 4x = 16 and y - x = 16

By solving this equation x = 8, so Karan' son's current age = 16 years and Karan's age = 40 years. 

Data sufficiency

Data sufficiency is an important part of quantitative aptitude section of every competitive exam including IBPS, LIC, Civil services, CAT and GMAT. In almost every exam there are several questions from data sufficiency.

Most of the candidates try to solve data sufficiency questions by guess work. As every question carries same marks, questions in this part also deserve some time. Instead of guess work use a simple strategy  as give below and avoid guessing the answer.

Data interpretation

Data interpretation is the most scoring and time consuming section in IBPS and other competitive examinations. In quantitative aptitude section you can see at least 2 data interpretation sets each having 5 questions. In IBPS PO there are 50 questions in Quantitative aptitude section and the cutoff remains 18-19. So if you solve those two sets corrected you need to solve 10 questions out of remaining 40 questions. Here are three important techniques to make Data Interpretation calculations fast

Profit and loss

Profit and loss problems involves various terms like cost price, selling price, marked price etc. Basically, it is a difference between selling price and cost price. Cost price is the price paid to purchase an article or a product or we can say it is a cost incurred in manufacturing an article. Selling price is the price at which a product is sold.

Must read
Quantitative Aptitude series
Guide to Quantitative aptitude

Various profit and loss formulas used in profit and loss:

1) Generally, profit is calculated as:
                   Profit or gain = Selling price(S.P) - Cost price(C.P)
2) Similarly, Loss = Cost price - Selling price
3) Gain percentage(%) = Gain * 100
                                     C.P.
4) Loss percentage(%) = Loss * 100
                                     C.P.
5) There is a direct relat   &nsp;                 S.P. = 100 + Gain percentage * C.P. (In case of gain)
                                         100
              &n loss)
                                         100

Syllogism

Syllogism is an important chapter in almost every competitive exam. In IBPS PO 2013, there were 5 questions from syllogism. Many candidates face problem in solving these simple questions so we decided to write a detailed tutorial on this chapter.

Types of conditions

As we always try to make things simple so instead of writing formulae and all that bulky stuffs, here we are explaining the technique using examples.

Easy Squaring Techniques

Many readers have requested us to teach them a simple method to square two and three digit numbers. In bank exams calculation speed is very crucial. So today we have decided to explain the Squaring technique.

Technique

In case of two digit number deduct last digit and add it to another number and then add square of same.

In this technique we simplify the squaring method by making one unit's digit zero. It is far easy to multiply 50*24 than 54*24. So I used this technique. Try practice more to become expert in this technique.

Let's take some examples 

Find square of 53.

=(53*53)

= (53+3) * (53-3) + (3*3)

=(56*50) + 9

= (560*5) + 9

= 2800 + 9 = 2809   

Let's take another example 

Find square of 69

= (69*69)

= (69+1) * (69-1) + (1*1)

= (70*68) + 1

= (680*7) + 1

= 4761

Let's take one more example

Find square of 45

= (45*45)

= (45-5)*(45+5) + (5*5)

= (40*50) + 25

= 2000+25

= 2025

Ratio and Proportions

Ratio and proportion is a very general topic for all bank exams. Mostly bank exams includes this topic in quantitative section.

Ratio is a quantity which represents the relationship between two similar quantities. It expresses a magnitude by which quantity is multiple of another one. Ratio is represented as 2:3 or 2/3. Here, numerator i.e. 2 is known as "ANTECEDENT" and denominator i.e. 3 is known as "CONSEQUENT".

Permutation and Combination

Today we are going to discuss a very important topic for ibps or other bank exams i.e. permutation and combination. This is primarily because various questions from this section tests candidate's analytical skill. This topic just involves basic calculations.

Permutation implies arrangement where order of things is important and includes word formation, number formation, circular permutation etc. Combination means selection where order is not important and it involves selection of team, forming geometrical figures, distribution of things etc.

Partnership

Partnership is an important chapter in Quantitative section of IBPS and other banking examination.

When two or more people joins hands with a common goal to attain profits. Every partner invests either time, money or his patents to help partnership firm to reap profits.

There are many problems in partnerships regarding profit shares, investment period etc. I will try to solve one question from each part.

HCF and LCM

LCM i.e. least common multiple is a number which is multiple of two or more than two numbers. For example: The common multiples of 3 and 4 are 12,24 and so on. Therefore, l.c.m.is smallest positive number that is multiple of both. Here, l.c.m. is 12.. HCF i.e. highest common factor are those integral values of number that can divide that number. LCM and HCF problems are very important part of all competitive exams.

Alligations and Mixures

This article is a part of Free IBPS PO, SBI and clerks prep series.

Alligation method is a simplified method to solve complex average problems. Alligation also helps simplify Ratio and Proportion, Simple and compound interest, Profit and loss, Time & Distance, Time Work problems among others. For better understanding, a few illustrations are given below. We take weighted average in the middle and average of components on the upper left and upper right hand side resulting in ratio.